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physiological phosphate buffer solution (pbs)  (Millipore)


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    Millipore physiological phosphate buffer solution (pbs)
    Physiological Phosphate Buffer Solution (Pbs), supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/physiologic+buffer+solution/physiological+phosphate+buffer+solution++pbs+/us11577008-1265-17-28
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    physiological phosphate buffer solution (pbs) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
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    Article Title: Surface modifications of a diopside–wollastonite eutectic ceramic after acellular and cellular in vitro tests
    Article Snippet: The goal of this work is to analyze the chemical modifications that take place on the diopside-wollastonite-2M ceramic's surface after in vitro tests.. The ceramic of eutectic composition was previously characterized by X-ray diffraction and a microindentation tester.. Surface modification was studied after different times in acellular dynamic simulated body fluid (SBF), and also in the presence of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (ahMSCs).

    Staining:

    Article Title: Surface modifications of a diopside–wollastonite eutectic ceramic after acellular and cellular in vitro tests
    Article Snippet: The goal of this work is to analyze the chemical modifications that take place on the diopside-wollastonite-2M ceramic's surface after in vitro tests.. The ceramic of eutectic composition was previously characterized by X-ray diffraction and a microindentation tester.. Surface modification was studied after different times in acellular dynamic simulated body fluid (SBF), and also in the presence of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (ahMSCs).

    Quantitation Assay:

    Article Title: Surface modifications of a diopside–wollastonite eutectic ceramic after acellular and cellular in vitro tests
    Article Snippet: The goal of this work is to analyze the chemical modifications that take place on the diopside-wollastonite-2M ceramic's surface after in vitro tests.. The ceramic of eutectic composition was previously characterized by X-ray diffraction and a microindentation tester.. Surface modification was studied after different times in acellular dynamic simulated body fluid (SBF), and also in the presence of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (ahMSCs).

    other:

    Article Title: Wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption affects the composition and structure of glycosaminoglycans in Sprague-Dawley rat aorta.
    Article Snippet: It has been documented that increased intake of polyphenols may provide protection against coronary heart disease and stroke.. Blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) are one of the richest sources of antioxidants among fruits and vegetables.. Phenolic compounds from berry extracts inhibit human low density lipoprotein and liposome oxidation.

    Article Title: Y‐chromosome lineage determines cardiovascular organ T‐cell infiltration in the stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rat
    Article Snippet: The essential role of the Y chromosome in male sex determination has largely overshadowed the possibility that it may exert other biologic roles.. Here, we show that Y-chromosome lineage is a strong determinant of perivascular and renal T-cell infiltration in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, which, in turn, may influence vascular function and blood pressure (BP).. We also show, for the first time to our knowledge, that augmented perivascular T-cell levels can directly instigate vascular dysfunction, and that the production of reactive oxygenspecies that stimulate cyclo-oxygenaseunderlies this.We thusprovide strong evidence for the consideration of Y-chromosome lineage in the diagnosis and treatment of male hypertension, and point to the modulation of cardiovascular organ T-cell infiltration as a possible mechanism that underpins Ychromosome regulation of BP.—Khan, S. I., Andrews, K. L., Jackson, K. L., Memon, B., Jefferis, A.-M., Lee, M. K. S., Diep, H., Wei, Z., Drummond, G. R., Head, G. A., Jennings, G. L., Murphy, A. J., Vinh, A., Sampson, A. K., Chin-Dusting, J. P. F. Y-chromosome lineage determines cardiovascular organ T-cell infiltration in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat.

    Article Title: A wild blueberry-enriched diet (Vaccinium angustifolium) improves vascular tone in the adult spontaneously hypertensive rat.
    Article Snippet: The effect of a wild blueberry-enriched diet on vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation was examined in the adult, 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) after 8 weeks of a control (C) or an 8% wild blueberry (WB) diet.. Nitric oxide (NO)and cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated aortic responses were examined ex vivo with the agonists L-phenylephrine (Phe) and acetylcholine (Ach), in the absence or presence of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) or the COX inhibitor mefenamic acid (MFA).. The vasoconstriction elicited by Phe was reduced in the WB group, attributed to the NO pathway, favoring a lower vascular tone under basal conditions.

    Article Title: β-Citronellol, an alcoholic monoterpene with inhibitory properties on the contractility of rat trachea
    Article Snippet: For some experiments, barium ions (Ba2+) substituted for Ca2+ in the physiologic salt solution. (±)-b-Citronellol (95% purity; Code C83201), ACh (PubChem ID 24891113), atropine (ID 24890401), 5-hydroxytryptamine (ID 24278124), L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME; ID 24278011), tetraethylammonium (TEA; ID 24277874), sodium orthovanadate (ID 24899708), capsazepine (ID 24277967), indomethacin (INDO; ID 24278173), A-967079 (CAS Number 1170613-55-4), HC-030031 (CAS Number 349085-38-7), thapsigargin (ID 24278762) and verapamil (ID 24277881) were purchased from SigmaAldrich (USA).

    Saline:

    Article Title: Molecular targets of androgen signaling that characterize skeletal muscle recovery and regeneration
    Article Snippet: .. Six weeks post GDX surgery, mice were subjected to muscle injury by injecting 100 μL of 10 μM cardiotoxin (CTX; from naja nigricollis; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) solution (diluted in physiologic saline) into the right gastrocnemius muscle with a three-point injection technique as previously described [ ; ]. ..

    Article Title: An engineered human follistatin variant: insights into the pharmacokinetic and pharmocodynamic relationships of a novel molecule with broad therapeutic potential.
    Article Snippet: Human follistatin is a regulatory glycoprotein with widespread biologic functions, including antiinflammatory activities, woundhealing properties, and muscle-stimulating effects.. The role of follistatin in a wide range of biologic activities shows promise for potential clinical application, which has prompted considerable interest in the investigation of the protein as a potential diseasemodifying agent.. In spite of this potential, the development of follistatin as a broad use biotherapeutic has been severely hindered by a poor understanding and characterization of its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships.Therefore, to better define these relationships, we performed in-depth analyses of the PK/PD relationships of native follistatin-315 (FST315).

    Article Title: Role of CYP1A1 in Modulating the Vascular and Blood Pressure Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
    Article Snippet: .. Acetylcholine, potassium chloride (KCl), N 5 -(nitroamidino)- l -2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (LNNA), and all ingredients of physiologic saline solution and homogenation buffer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). .. The 9,11-dideoxy-9 α ,11 α -methanoepoxy-prosta-5 Z ,13 E -dien-1-oic acid (U46619) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI).

    Injection:

    Article Title: Molecular targets of androgen signaling that characterize skeletal muscle recovery and regeneration
    Article Snippet: .. Six weeks post GDX surgery, mice were subjected to muscle injury by injecting 100 μL of 10 μM cardiotoxin (CTX; from naja nigricollis; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) solution (diluted in physiologic saline) into the right gastrocnemius muscle with a three-point injection technique as previously described [ ; ]. ..

    Article Title: An engineered human follistatin variant: insights into the pharmacokinetic and pharmocodynamic relationships of a novel molecule with broad therapeutic potential.
    Article Snippet: Human follistatin is a regulatory glycoprotein with widespread biologic functions, including antiinflammatory activities, woundhealing properties, and muscle-stimulating effects.. The role of follistatin in a wide range of biologic activities shows promise for potential clinical application, which has prompted considerable interest in the investigation of the protein as a potential diseasemodifying agent.. In spite of this potential, the development of follistatin as a broad use biotherapeutic has been severely hindered by a poor understanding and characterization of its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships.Therefore, to better define these relationships, we performed in-depth analyses of the PK/PD relationships of native follistatin-315 (FST315).



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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
    Bicarbonate Buffered Physiological Salt Solution Bbpss, supplied by Fisher Scientific, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/physiologic+buffer+solution/physiological+salt+solution+pss/pmc09926536-53-7-22
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    Thermo Fisher physiological buffered saline pbs solution
    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
    Physiological Buffered Saline Pbs Solution, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
    A Shield On Solution Is A Weak Base Physiological Buffer Solution (Ph∼9) To Trigger Epoxy Based Crosslinking Of Biomolecules, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of physiological buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD

    Journal: Cardio-oncology

    Article Title: Radiation- and age-related vascular dysfunction as an early indicator of cardiovascular risk: a long-term study in the ApoE −/− mouse model of atherosclerosis

    doi: 10.1186/s40959-025-00395-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of physiological buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD

    Article Snippet: To assess the arterial diameter at baseline the exposed A. saphena was moistened with a physiological buffer solution (NaCl: 119 mmol/l, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; KCl: 4.7 mmol/l, Merck; MgSO 4 : 1.17 mmol/l, Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany; NaHCO 3 : 25 mmol/l, Merck; KH 2 PO 4 : 1.18 mmol/l, Merck; Glucose: 5.5 mmol/l, Merck; EDTA: 0.027 mmol/l, Prolabo, VWR International, Darmstadt) right before starting OCT. Acquisition of the baseline diameter stopped automatically after 30 initial B-scans (equivalent to a recording time of 7.5 s).

    Techniques: Irradiation, Imaging, Concentration Assay